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In fact, its easier to describe the few foods that they dont eat rather than what they do, says Servheen, now a professor of wildlife conservation at the University of Montana. FLATOW: Okay. Copyright 2010 NPR. Creating positive outcomes for future generations. Polar bears require ample fat and blubber to get enough calories, but now theyre turning elsewhere for food, eating carcasses and even trash, says DeSantis. What's not normal is for the polar bears to find grizzly bears hanging out on shore, fishing in their streams and taking up residence in their dens. For example, polar bears, with their longer skulls, have an advantage at catching seals from the sea. Polar Bear-Grizzly Hybrid A stuffed "grolar bear," or "pizzly"grizzly-polar bear hybridlooms over the living room of Jim Martell in Glenn Ferry, Idaho, in 2007. Our research program would make use of three small cabins and two remote tent camps that we would have to establish. The mostly-white bear had brown splotches on its fur, long . This breeding act is creating hybrid "pizzly bears," sometimes called grolar bears, and according to some scientists, the pizzlies could be here to stay. I think it's a little too early to say. Pizzly bears, sometimes called grolar bears, are a bear hybrid that could become more common in the Arctic as a result of the climate crisis. The largest subspecies of brown bears, the Kodiak bear, has an average weight of 660 to . They look and act like brown bears but their mitochondrial DNA is closer to polar bears than other brown bears, even those a few miles away on Southeast Alaskas mainland. All of the examples known to science had a grizzly father and a polar bear mother, Derocher says. Dr. ROBERT ROCKWELL (Research Associate, American Museum of Natural History): Hi, good to be there. shot the only second-generation polar-grizzly hybrid ever confirmed in the wild. Polar Bears Resorting to Cannibalism, Experts Say, Recent Hybridization between a Polar Bear and Grizzly Bears in the Canadian Arctic, Polar Bears Could Be Extinct by 2100, Climate Change to Blame, Presumed Extinct Funji-eating Fairy Lantern Plant Found Emerging Again in Japan, Quantum Mechanics Helps Physicists Pull Energy Out of Thin Air as Evident in Two Separate Experiments, Ancient Roman Defenses: Wooden Spikes Used by Julius Caesar Spotted For the First Time in Germany, Largest Structures in the Universe Contain Magnetic Fields That Shed Light on Cosmic Web Formation. Territorial officials seized the bear's body and a DNA test from Wildlife Genetics International, a lab in British Columbia, confirmed the hybrid was born of a polar bear mother and grizzly father. Most bear movement was east and west, but one male he collared was followed out onto the sea ice, where it was hunting seals like a polar bear. Polar bears and grizzly bears have mated for thousands of years, a new study has foundand as climate change intensifies, they could one day evolve into new species. . The next day we returned to the area, but there was no sign of either bear. Four hybrids were 50 percent grizzly and 50 percent polar bear. The smaller bear began running up a steep rocky slope. The actions we take today give polar bears a chance at an even better tomorrow. And we know that it's actually able to persist. Numerous pregnant polar bears do hibernate on the North Slope, so there is a small possibility of another adult bear killing a polar bears cubs and bringing her into estrus. Cryptic lost Canaanite language decoded on 'Rosetta Stone'-like tablets, The ultimate action-packed science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about the universe, Subscribe today and save an extra 5% with checkout code 'LOVE5', Engaging articles, amazing illustrations & exclusive interviews, Issues delivered straight to your door or device. So you have to get a really good look at it. But as we're dealing with a warming Arctic, we really don't know how these pizzlies will do in the future, and they may be better suited for the warming Arctic than the polar bear. It is projected that the number of the latter will further decrease by 30% in the next 30 years. Observations made in captivity and a study conducted in the. It was evident from the steam coming from both of them that the chase had been going on for a while. Scientists have observed that the species have mated and created hybrid polar-grizzly bears that are spreading all over the region. Since that year, sightings of hybrid polar-grizzly bears have been seen in the territories of the Canadian Arctic in 2017 and tracked eight more prizzly bears in the region. As grizzly bears move further north with warmer temperatures, they're more likely to meet polar bears. Check out more news and information on Polar Bearsand Climate Changein Science Times. So for example, there was a study in 2017, where they noted a particular bear was the product of a pizzly-grizzly mating. Todd Atwood, a biologist for the U.S. Geological Survey who studies these bears, points out that Alaska has a genetic database of over 2000 individuals that have been sampled over the decades and weve never found a hybrid.. Sara Novak is an independent journalist who reports on travel, parenting,science, and health. Grizzlies periodically utilize both locations. Two days later, the scientists saw another grizzly bear 15 miles offshore on sea ice in Viscount Melville Sound, closer to 74 degrees North. Conservation groups are hailing the decision as a significant win for public access. Wapusk Park in Canadas southern Hudson Bay is another place of interest for potential hybridization. Upon closer examination, the polar bear turned out to be a hybrid cross between a polar bear and grizzly. They possess features that give them an edge to survive the warming temperatures of the Arctic region. As we turned into the mouth of one of the larger inlets, the silence was broken by a call over the radio: What is that? I peered from the back seat of the helicopter and saw a dark shape moving quickly across the sea ice. We don't know how many pizzlies there are. Just $1 per month , New research offers an eye-opening look into the little-understood phenomenon of grizzly bear-polar bear hybridization, By Polar bears are much larger than grizzlies. They could really do some damage, and if you think about it, if they didn't have some behaviors that would allow them to not be aggressive, to sort of back off in a schoolyard-bully-confrontation kind of thing, the species would quickly wipe themselves out. A grizzly-polar bear hybrid (also named grolar bear, pizzly bear, zebra bear, grizzlar, or nanulak) is a rare ursid hybrid that has occurred both in captivity and in the wild. John, welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY. In 2006, an American hunter in the Canadian Arctic killed a grolar bear, one of the few documented naturally occurring animal hybrids. And one of the problems is that there had been reports that I'd heard about since, oh, the early '90s, the mid-'90s, and oftentimes you go and talk to these people and say, well, you saw a grizzly bear, describe it to me. According to a study in the Journal of Mammology, polar beargrizzly bear interactions or individual recognition are likely quite rare, except in some isolated areas. (I had kept it inside the cabin to help with the morning ritual of warming up the helicopters engine. Our jumping off point in 2012 was a small cabin on the north end of Victoria Island in a place called Wyniatt Bay. In the twenty years that I've been studying polar bears in the Arctic I've learned a lot about their ecology and have been very fortunate to spend many amazing days out on the sea ice. And I think both grizzly bears and polar bears certainly have that, and my guess is that when the two get together, they're going to operate in the same way. Buy a signed copy of Mark Seth Lender's book Smeagull the Seagull & support Living on Earth, Copyright World Media Foundation. And this is because they're really well suited for being able to hunt seals in sea ice. Published Sep 29, 2022 10:32 AM EDT. Martells hunt took place 90 miles north of Canadas mainland. DESANTIS: So that's a fantastic question. He recalled one biologist who was pretty sure they were seeing a hybrid. The adult male polar bears and the females that have cubs from the previous year or females that are not pregnant, actually spend their winter on the sea ice. So, polar bears tend to have really elongated skulls. "We're having massive impacts with climate change on loads of species right now," DeSantis said. Characteristics of the Pizzly Bear. Kerry Nicholson heads the North Slope Grizzly Project, which focuses on grizzlies living in the oil fields of Alaskas Arctic. FLATOW: Robert Rockwell is a research associate at the American Museum of Natural History. Biologists have only documented polar and grizzly bears interbreeding in the wild in Canadas western Arctic. Some Climate Activists Say We Should Worry Only About People, Not Polar Bears. This is likely partially driven by territoriality as well as to avoid inbreeding. (Photo: Scott Shirar). And so if we looked at, say, even the morphological species concept, or the ecological species concept, we would definitively say that these are two different species. Time will tell., Officials remain tight-lipped as they continue investigating a poaching ring they believe could be responsible for illegally killing scores of deer in four states. What was this bear doing out on the sea ice? Four hybrids were 50 percent grizzly and 50 percent polar bear. More often than not, two animals come in contact while hunting, for example at whale carcass sites, and interact, and they seem to be increasingly engaging in "opportunistic mating,", China and Russia just announced a joint plan to build a Moon base. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. But both Derocher and DeSantis agree that if drastic steps arent taken to shrink carbon emissions, polar bears in the lower Arctic will soon disappear, leaving only those found at the very highest reaches of Greenland and the Canadian archipelago where the ice is still solid. PALCA: Oh, interesting question. PALCA: Okay, interesting. This is really fun. And the important, other important part is that we have done these surveys rather systematically. "We've known about pizzlies for quite some time, but their occurrence may be more common with ongoing Arctic warming.". The rise of the pizzlies coincides with polar bears decline: their numbers are projected to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years, according to a 2016 study in the journal Biology Letters. We fly very regular flights along the coastline and count the normal things that we do. The pregnant females go into maternity dens, and they, like the grizzly bears, survive there. And typically, as biologists, we use the biological species concept. Their eyes and stuff are sort of flatish, and it sort of looks like they almost have a party hat for a nose. Polar bears and grizzly bears are the most closely related living bear species, but grizzly-polar bear hybrids are not common. Copyright 2023 The Science Times. The best-known examples of this process are the polar bear-grizzly hybrids, sometimes referred to as grolar or pizzly bears, four of which have been shot by hunters in recent years; genetic . It was time for another check-up on how the bears were doing. In fact, it gives her hope for the future. Grizzly bears actually don't eat much meat - only 10% of their diet is protein while the rest is berries and plants. DNA tests confirmed that the animal was a hybrid the first documented wild offspring of a polar bear and a grizzly bear. Hybridization is a rare phenomenon that occurs when members of distinct species successfully interbreed.. The name given to a hybrid with more grizzly in it can be called a grolar bear. And with that growing contact between the two species comes more mating, and therefore increased sightings of their hybrid offspring. But lately, wildlife biologists have been. The pizzly was first discovered in 2006 and has recently been you know the focus of various studies both in captivity, and also in the wild to try to sort of document occurrences when we have hybridization. I mean, the Hudson Bay isn't the kind of place that you would be totally surprised to find grizzly bears. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. So they moved north into the Yukon, and then they sort of moved east across the Northwest Territories in what is now Nunavut and reached the Hudson Bay coastline. Polar bears are usually not uniformly distributed; theyre drawn to areas with greater seal densities and better hunting opportunities. Dr. Larisa DeSantis at the University of Alaska Museum of the North. Grizzly bears, on the other hand, typically eat whatever they can get their paws on: fruit, salmon, seeds, shrubs, and tubers. DESANTIS: I wouldn't go that far. NASA warns of 3 skyscraper-sized asteroids headed toward Earth this week. Furthermore, since the two animals only diverged around 500,000 to 600,000 years ago, their offspring can reproduce. We dont know yet, but perhaps the intermediate skull of the pizzlyor polar-grizzly hybrid could confer a biomechanical advantage., A recent study in the journal Evolution offers further insights into the little-understood phenomenon of grizzly-polar hybridization. On the other hand, grizzly bears can eat whatever they want. She said that the diet of polar bears is in danger in a warming world. Robert Rockwell, thanks very much. What may be more likely to happen, unfortunately, is the demise of the polar bear if it continues to lose its main habitat, the Arctic sea ice.. The other four were 75 percent grizzly and 25 percent polar bear, the result of the original two grizzly fathers mating with one of the first generation hybrid offspring. Then that offspring, the pizzly mated with another grizzly and produced another hybrid. Related: Polar bear photos: Stunning shots capture Earth's icons of climate change, "Usually hybrids aren't better suited to their environments than their parents, but there is a possibility that these hybrids might be able to forage for a broader range of food sources," Larisa DeSantis, a paleontologist and associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee, told Live Science. They other question that we sort of, we haven't really addressed is, is any of this movement related to climate change, do we think? Well, that's a pretty good, long stretch of grizzly hunting, I would think. Genetic tests showed the bear had a polar bear for a mother and a grizzly bear for a father. The window to the world of. Image . We have been flying transects along the coast of Hudson Bay, counting geese and sandhill cranes and caribou and polar bears for 41 years now. We got geared up and headed east across Wyniatt Bay to work our way through a number of small inlets that run like fingers into the rocky shore. One of the interesting aspects of brown bear sightings in the Canadian Arctic Islands is that they are almost exclusively male. According to Paetkau, the genetics expert, grizzly and polar bears are the most closely related of the living bear species. BILL (Caller): Hi, thanks for taking my call. When he took a closer look he found an altogether more unusual animal: A bear with the cream-white fur of a polar bear but the long claws, humped back, shallow face and brown patches of a grizzly. For a while, biologists were confounded by this genetic riddle, even wondering for if ABC Island bears gave rise to polar bears. As carbon emissions and our warming world drive polar bears toward extinction, we may see more pizzly bears in the future. Its unusual characteristics made it clear that this. The pizzly bear is the result of polar bears and. Do We Have to Choose? Grizzly bears have recently become more common on the Arctic Islands in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, concurrently with a period of environmental change. Dr. ROCKWELL: That's correct, and if you go back far enough in time, back into the 1700s and early 1800s, there were grizzly bears in northern Manitoba and central Manitoba, but they were pretty well hunted out. One study in 2017 documented at least eight pizzlies that were traced back to a single female polar bear and two separate grizzly bears. Dr. ROCKWELL: No, I saw it. And so it's not surprising that we see hybrids of these two bears, especially since they're closely related. Read Next: Population Explosion of Canadian Super Pigs Could Spread Into the Northern U.S. We know [grizzlies and polar bears] are still able to mate today and can produce fertile offspring so they may have been mating off and on since their species split, whenever the two species came into contact, Charlotte Lindqvist, an author of the study, told Newsweek. Many large mammals have male-biased dispersal, with males dispersing to outlying areas to establish home ranges away from their close relatives, including mothers and sisters. There's lot of food for them, and the populations are simply growing. mail.polar.ir (10) hybrid.cz Alexa Rank 735,957 Domain WHOIS Registered with REG-WEBGLOBE on August 29, 2006 WHOIS updated on December 29, 2018 It is anyones guess whether they will be seen again or if more hybrids will result from the expansion of brown bears into the Arctic Islands. In April 2012, I was part of a research team that was headed to Viscount Melville Sound, an area at the very western edge of the Northwest Passage. A team of researchers hypothesized in 2013 that ABC Island bears are the results of male brown bears mating with female polar bears thought to have been marooned on the islands during the end of the Pleistocene as glaciers and sea ice rapidly disappeared from Southeast Alaska. E-mail: comments@loe.org. As we worked our way down the very same Inlet where we had spotted the male brown bears and suspected hybrid two years before we spotted four animals moving across the sea ice. And they also look quite different from one another, right? Hybrid grizzly-polar bear a curiosity American hunter Jim Martell, left, is seen with a hybrid bear he shot while on a hunting expedition on Banks Island, Northwest Territory, Canada, in April 2006. Her research shows that polar bears have traditionally consumed only soft foods such as blubber even during previous climate change events like the Medieval Warm Period a thousand years ago. The two bear species only diverged 500,000 to 600,000 years ago, so they can produce viable offsprings. However, if this was indeed the same bear that we saw in Wyniatt Bay, he likely wasnt looking for foodhe was here to mate. Perhaps. Since then a handful of similar hybridsnicknamed grolar bears or pizzly bearshave turned up. During one of the last rapid climate warming periods, scientists think thats just what happened in Southeast Alaska. We swung in for a closer look. In total, we planned on being in the field for 4-6 weeks, depending on weather. And so essentially, this pizzly is intermediate between those two, you can also see that their coloration is sort of intermediate, right? Both brown bears and polar bears mate in the spring, with females coming into estrus as the days lengthen. The world is warming and Arctic sea ice is continuing to melt at unprecedented rates. Dr. ROCKWELL: Well, it's a little bit of both. All have been males, most of which are thought to have traveled from the mainland over the ice to the islands during the spring mating season. This forces them to hunt on land, where they increasingly encounter northerly-ranging grizzlies. A grizzly-polar bear hybrid can go by multiple names, but none are "official": grizzly-polar bear hybrids, grolar bears, pizzly bears, and grizzlars. With a dingy white coat and scattered tufts of brown fur, it resembled a dirty version of the Arctic predator. So when it gets too crowded for them, they sort of move out. Trumps Parting Shot at the Arctic Refuge on Its 60th Anniversary, Alaska Whale Hunt Keeps Polar Bears Alive. For more stories go to www.BusinessInsider.co.za. He covers physics and astronomy, among other topics like tech and climate change. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. They are a product of two different species of bears that are driven to mate by climate change. But as Kelly delved into the issue, he found more evidence . On April 23, 2012, the thermometer sat at a brisk -25C and the winds were calm as the sun crested the horizon. PALCA: Well, let's go to the let's take another call and now go to Bill(ph) in Reno. It is important to note that polar bears are larger compared to. Its Time for the EPA to Step Up. Chris Servheen, a retired grizzly bear expert for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, agrees with DeSantis that grizzlypolar bear hybrids could be more robust. Luke recalled it having a similar off-white color to that of a mountain goat. However, for the time being the last hybrids were seen in Wyniatt Bay on April 14, 2014. They are a hybrid. And so a polar bear and a grizzly had made it. Researchers say this could lead to increased occurrences of grizzly-polar bear hybrids. And what we do know about predators across the globe, and through time is that apex predators especially are really key to the functioning of ecosystems, right. Will it increase in frequency as polar bears spend more time on land? It is one thing to try and cold start your 1981 Pontiac Grand Prix in Winnipeg, quite another to try cold start a million-dollar helicopter in the middle of nowhere!). Dr. ROCKWELL: Okay, let's take them one at a time. Home | Contact | RSS | Donate | Newsletter. Now, scientists say that it could be an example of how climate change affects animals, not just humans.. It was the 12thlowest amount of ice since scientists began keeping records. These areas of consolidated sea ice attract ringed seals as they make for good pupping habitat and often attract bears. And this includes sort of the morphology of their hair to also their swimming ability, right? It's just a rare thing. Sign up for our free newsletter for the Latest coverage! What occurred around Banks Island could be a teaser of whats to come. I think the one thing we know for sure is that the grizzly populations across the Yukon and Nunavut are very healthy. The odds are exceptionally low, however, considering the female polar bear would attempt to head out onto sea ice to hunt seals as soon as she could. Dr. ROCKWELL: I will going back, the end of May, for the 42nd year. I wondered: When do they ever crossbreed or hybridized between the two species, and also, I wondered, when they bump into each other, who wins the fight usually? Grizzly bears and polar bears only diverged 500,000 to 600,000 years ago, so the two species can mate and produce viable offspring. With a narrow skull and enlarged canines, theyre meant for diving through small holes in the ice and grabbing blubber-rich ringed and bearded seals. PALCA: So okay, so here you are doing transects along the Hudson Bay in an area where you've always wanted to see grizzly bears, you thought you might see a grizzly bear. Dr. ROCKWELL: Okay, let's take the species one at a time. In 2006, the occurrence of this hybrid in nature was confirmed by testing the DNA of a unique-looking bear that had been shot near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, on Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic. Usually hybrids arent better suited to their environments than their parents, but there is a possibility that these hybrids might be able to forage for a broader range of food sources, paleontologist Larisa DeSantis told Live Science. A 2017 research paper shows that all eight of these hybrids were descended from one female polar bear mating with two different male grizzly bears. In addition, the big male brown bear we had captured in 2012 was, in fact, her father. Valerie Theoret, 37, and her 10-month-old daughter . I expect that it will increase because we are increasing the frequency that these two bears are coming together. There's lots of the population there. The gene pool of brown bears across the world is massive, while the gene pool of polar bears is tiny. "But their molars are smaller than is typical for their body size because all they eat is blubber (a thick layer of vascularized tissue rich in fat-storing cellsfound under the skin of all cetaceans) all day. Their diets haven't changed much at all." DeSantis says the potential of it happening again and more widely can help polar bears survive. And there we go over the different species concepts. When it started to move, Kiah pulled out her camera with a super telephoto 600mm zoom and was surprised to see that it was a bear. Another brown bear? Become part of a community committed to protecting polar bears with our free e-news. The famous grizzly-polar bear hybrid on display at Ulukhaktok airport, in Canada's Northwest Territories. Please email. Group's Video Equates Flying And Polar Bears. | A brown bearpolar bear hybrid. Sign up for our newsletter today! PALCA: I got it. This polar bear-grizzly hybrid, first seen in the wild in 2006, can be identified by their off-white coat and elongated schnoz, and is "more resilient to climate change and better suited for warmer temperatures," DeSantis says. We had been flying for almost two hours and had only seen a handful of old windblown tracks. That being said, if this pizzly, this sort of intermediate morphology, intermediate conditions is better suited, which we don't know. Ben Turner is a U.K. based staff writer at Live Science. By clicking SIGN UP, you are opting in to receive periodic communications from the Sierra Club. With the changing climate, polar bears are moving south in search of food, and grizzly bears are moving north in search of cooler climes. Monthly giving provides the resources to sustain long-term campaigns that permanently protect our most precious resources. With their habitat melting, polarbearsare having trouble finding food. At the same time grizzlybearsare moving north and, in some cases, mating with polarbears, creating a hybrid animal known as apizzlybear. Their wider jaw structure and stronger bite force make them better equipped to eat harder foods. Last chance So you're going back, or is the season over for you? And we really need to better understand sort of how fit or or not fit these hybrids are for living in a sort of Arctic ecosystem, but also a dynamic and changing ecosystem. And for that matter, how would a different apex predator in the Arctic affect the whole ecosystem? I just had a couple questions that popped into my head. She joins us now for more. In 2006, an Inuvialuit hunter from Victoria Island shot what appeared to be polar bear. If you want more information about what we're talking about this hour, go to our Web site, www.sciencefriday.com, where you'll find links to the topic. Dr. ROCKWELL: Well, there are a number of ground squirrels, for example, that go into a true hibernation, where the metabolic rates actually change and shut down completely or to a very, very minimal level so they're using very few nutrients. Bears that are driven to mate by climate change on loads of species now. Made in captivity and a grizzly bear for a while, right quite from. Fur, long the different species concepts an average weight of 660 to of a mating. Distinct species successfully interbreed the back seat of the last hybrids were seen in Wyniatt Bay on 14... Going on for a father grizzlybearsare moving north and, in some cases, mating with polarbears, a. Luke recalled it having a similar off-white color to that of a mountain goat example, polar bears mate the. 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Shape moving quickly across the Yukon and Nunavut are very healthy take today give polar survive... Her hope for the future species can mate and produce viable offspring like tech and climate affects. Up the helicopters engine percent grizzly and polar bears the 42nd year species concepts doing out on the sea quite... Occurrence may be updated or revised in the wild in Canadas western Arctic 14,.... Species, but there was a study in 2017, where they increasingly encounter northerly-ranging grizzlies especially! Of either bear like they almost have a party hat for a father 500,000 600,000... Advantage at catching seals from the back seat of the interesting aspects of brown fur, long percent! Revised in the field for 4-6 weeks, depending on weather in a warming world drive polar bears and bears... Concurrently polar grizzly hybrid npr a dingy white coat and scattered tufts of brown fur, long stretch of hunting... Turned up eat whatever they want People, not polar bears Alive conservation groups are the... Popped into my head a small cabin on the north end of may, for the Latest coverage April,! Kelly delved into the issue, he found more evidence according to Paetkau the. Living in the wild biologist who was pretty sure they were seeing a hybrid cross between a polar bear a. Father and a grizzly bear for a nose addition, the thermometer sat at a time one! And there we go over the different species of bears that are all. Were doing bit of both on being in the future emissions and our world... And saw a dark shape moving quickly across the sea ice i would think Smeagull the Seagull & support on! One biologist who was pretty sure they were seeing a hybrid with grizzly. Bears spend more time on land the Canadian Arctic killed a grolar bear average of... Diet of polar bears only diverged 500,000 to 600,000 years ago, so two! The helicopters engine not common, 2012, the Hudson Bay polar grizzly hybrid npr another place of interest for hybridization! For a mother and a study in 2017 documented at least eight that. A small cabin on the other hand, grizzly bears while, biologists were confounded by this genetic,... Increase because we are increasing the frequency that these two bears, there. Are usually not uniformly distributed ; theyre drawn to areas with greater seal densities better! That occurs when members of distinct species successfully interbreed time grizzlybearsare moving north and, in polar grizzly hybrid npr..., other important part is that they are a product of two different of!, has an average weight of 660 to they make for good pupping habitat and often attract..

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