california rules of court motions

  • por

The Latin term in limine means at the threshold. The threshold is the beginning of trial. Juror-identifying information, Rule 8.613. Service on nonparty public officer or agency, Rule 8.32. Petition for review to exhaust state remedies, Rule 8.520. Juror-identifying information, Rule 8.336. b. Use of court facilities and court personnel, Rule 3.920. Publication of Appellate Opinions. [Reserved] Title 3. Ex. When the trial court grants a motion in limine that disposes of a case or cause of action, the result is reviewed as if the court granted a motion for nonsuit after opening statement or a motion for directed verdict, "keeping in mind that the grant of such a motion is not favored, that a key consideration is that the nonmoving party has had a Order granting or denying coordination, Rule 3.530. Stay of execution and release on appeal, Rule 8.861. Court fees and costs included in all initial fee waivers, Rule 3.56. 1, 2, 3). When the trial court grants a motion in limine that disposes of a case or cause of action, the result is reviewed as if the court granted a motion for nonsuit after opening statement or a motion for directed verdict, "keeping in mind that the grant of such a motion is not favored . (Subd (e) amended effective July 1, 2008; previously amended effective January 1, 2007.). If in electronic form, the copy must be electronically bookmarked as required by rule 3.1110(f)(4). Family and Juvenile Rules Title 6. Expert Witness Testimony [Reserved], Division 19. Applications to file overlength briefs in appeals from a judgment of death, Rule 8.634. Orders in the conduct of class actions, Rule 3.768. Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. Jackson declaration, 2:17-21; contract, Ex. Death Penalty-Related Habeas Corpus Proceedings, Division 3. These other filings may include motions, requests, applications, oppositions, and stipulations. Some key statutes to rely on in excluding those types of evidence from being introduced at trial are Evidence Code sections 350 and 352. Rule 3.1112 amended effective July 1, 2008; adopted as rule 312 effective July 1, 1997; previously amended and renumbered effective January 1, 2007. 2. Counsel should not address violations of the discovery rules in motions in limine which should have been timely dealt with in a motion to compel. Defendant's Memorandum failed to comply with the page limits under California Rules of Court ("CRC") Rule 3.1113(d), as it was 26 pages long instead of the 15 pages allowed. Termination of coordinated action, Rule 3.550. Rules of Court, rule 2.550 (b) (2).) Coordination of Noncomplex Actions, Chapter 7. If made in the alternative, a motion for summary adjudication may make reference to and depend on the same evidence submitted in support of the summary judgment motion. The page number may be suppressed and need not appear on the first page. Completion and filing of the record, Rule 8.841. Smith declaration, 2. The court rules as follows: on the court's own motion, the case . Periodic payment of judgments against public entities, Rule 3.1806. Disputed. Cover requirements for documents filed in paper form, Rule 8.41. judge:Posner . Certificate of Interested Entities or Persons, Rule 8.490. Additional court fees and costs that may be included in initial fee waiver, Rule 3.57. The separate statement should include only material facts and not any facts that are not pertinent to the disposition of the motion. Duty to notify court and others of stay, Rule 3.680. There is no uniform practice for counsel to follow regarding when motions in limine should be filed and served and when they are heard by the court. California Rules of Court prevail, Rule 8.23. Jones declaration, 3:6-7. Response in support of petition for coordination, Rule 3.527. Petitions Under the California Environmental Quality Act, Chapter 2. The procedures for telephonic appearances under California Rules of Court, Rule 3.670(c)-(i) have been suspended from January 1, 2022, to July 1, 2023. apply to ex parte applications. Notice of limited scope representation and application to be relieved as attorney, Rule 3.37. Ct. L.A. County, Local Rules, rule 3.57; Super. All counsel should take the time to read it. Augmenting or correcting the record in the appellate division, Rule 8.924. Filing and presentation of the ex parte application, Rule 3.1300. Special Proceedings on Construction-Related Accessibility Claims, Chapter 4. Renumbered effective April 25, 2019. Rules of evidence at arbitration hearing, Rule 3.830. Being clear, succinct and to the point will immediately draw the courts attention to the evidence which is the subject of counsels motion in limine. Please fill out this survey to help us better understand your experience with the site. (Subd (b) amended effective January 1, 2004.). Filing the appeal; certificate of probable cause, Rule 8.312. 3d 1267, 1274 ("In order to prevent the imposition of a summary judgment, the disputed facts must be 'material,' i.e., relate to a claim or defense in issue which could make a difference in the outcome.") Papers to be served on cross-defendants, Rule 3.250. Civil Rules Division 1. (a) (1) The court may, in furtherance of justice, and on any terms as may be proper, allow a party to amend any pleading or proceeding by adding or striking out the name of any party, or by correcting a mistake in the name of a party, or a mistake in any other respect; and may, upon like terms, enlarge the time for answer or demurrer. Failure to procure the record, Rule 8.147. (a) Notice of motion. Mental Health Rules Title 7. (b) (1) The motion shall be supported by affidavits, declarations, admissions, answers to interrogatories, depositions, and matters of which judicial notice shall or may be taken. General and Administrative Rules Title 2. If the judge excludes the evidence, then it may not be mentioned in trial or argument. Preliminary injunctions and bonds, Rule 3.1151. (2) At the time a party wants to introduce the evidence which is the subject of a motion in limine, the party should ask for a ruling on the deferred motion. Ex parte application for appointment of receiver, Rule 3.1176. Statement of decision, judgment, and motion for new trial following bifurcated trial, Rule 3.1600. Arbitration hearings; notice; when and where held, Rule 3.820. Ex. California Rules of Court, rule 3.1203 says you must notify all parties no later than 10:00am the court day before the ex parte appearance, unless you have a good reason to give less time. Renumbered effective January 1, 2017, Rule 8.73. Scope of the Civil Rules Rule 3.10. Jackson declaration, 3:7-21. Other papers may be filed in support of a motion, including declarations, exhibits, appendices, and other documents or pleadings. ), (i) Request for electronic version of separate statement. Because a court may only order records sealed when it makes certain . Rules of Court, rule 2.551 (b) (1).) Additional case management conferences, Rule 3.726. Notice of Motion and Motion, Memorandum of Points and Authorities, and. If in paper form, the authority must be tabbed or separated as required by rule 3.1110(f)(3). Many jurisdictions require counsel to meet and confer regarding motions in limine i.e., Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Local Rules, rule 3.57(a)(2); Superior Court of Fresno County, Local rules, rule 2.6.1. Furthermore, filing motions in limine which involve inconsequential or obvious issues is counterproductive. (Subd (l) relettered effective January 1, 2008; adopted as subd (h) effective July 1, 1997; relettered as subd (i) effective July 1, 2000; previously amended effective January 1, 2003; previously amended and relettered as subd (k) effective January 1, 2004, and as subd (m) effective January 1, 2007.). Application granted unless acted on by the court, Rule 3.55. Read the code on FindLaw . (1) Notwithstanding Section 1014, no act by a party who makes a motion under this section, including filing an answer, demurrer, or motion to strike constitutes an appearance, unless the court denies the motion made under this section. Before leaving on the mountain climbing trip, plaintiff signed a waiver of liability for acts of negligence. There are no set standards or guidelines regarding motions in limine and each judge is different. Contents of reporter's transcript, Rule 8.866. Requirements for Addressing Complaints About Court-Program Mediators, Chapter 4. (Subd (c) amended effective January 1, 2009; previously amended effective January 1, 2002, and January 1, 2007. On request, a party must within three days provide to any other party or the court an electronic version of its separate statement. Management of short cause cases, Rule 3.741. Scope and purpose of the case management rules, Rule 3.714. Co., 46 Cal.App.3d 436, 448 (1975). 2. Petitions for relief from financial obligations during military service, Rule 3.1380. Plaintiffs can begin serving their written discovery requests (like interrogatories, requests for admission, and inspection demands) 10 days after they have served the defendant with the summons and complaint (or after the defendant has appeared, whichever occurs first). 58 (Cal. In accordance with civil local rule 79.5, below is an identification of the confidential information apple seeks to seal on that basis: ecf or exh. anti-inflammatory; Filters. Appointment of appellate counsel by the Court of Appeal, Rule 8.304. Service, Filing, Filing Fees, Form, and Privacy, Article 3. The separate statement must be full and complete so that no person is required to review any other document in order to determine the full request and the full response. Preparation and submission of proposed order, Rule 3.1324. of negligence. Notice of Mandatory Evaluation Conferences, Rule 3.700. (Subd (c) amended and lettered effective January 1, 2007 adopted as part of subd (a).). Briefs by parties and amici curiae; judicial notice, Rule 8.524. MODESTO, CA - A hearing regarding a motion for mental health diversion was held in Stanislaus County Superior Court this week for a man facing alleged original felony charges of carjacking. Briefs, Hearing, and Decision in Infraction Appeals, Division 5. Request to make minor's information confidential in civil harassment protective order proceedings, Rule 3.1175. Attorneys Rule 3.35. Proof of Service Options. California Rules of Court, rule 5.1(b)(1)(A). During this time, other parties have an opportunity to challenge the request. Petition for writ of habeas corpus filed by petitioner not represented by an attorney, Rule 8.384. The requirements for proposed orders, including the requirements for submitting proposed orders by electronic means, are stated in rule 3.1312. A motion in limine is a motion used in civil lawsuits to preclude evidentiary issues or conduct before they are seen or heard by a jury. Announcement of tentative decision, statement of decision, and judgment, Rule 3.1591. Moving Party's Undisputed Material Check with the court clerk to find out if you can file documents on paper or electronically. You will need to use these forms when you file your case. personal injury; Boolean (richard or dick) and cheney; Phrases "patent infringement" Hyphenate. Failure to procure the record, Rule 8.851. Notwithstanding (a), a motion in limine filed before or during trial need not be accompanied by a notice of hearing. While Judge Robert B. Westbrook acknowledged the accused has severe mental health issues, Westbrook refused to provide mental health diversion. Fees for copies of electronic records, Rule 8.112. Rule 3.1345 - Format of discovery motions. Evidence presented at court hearings, Rule 3.515. Except as provided in Code of Civil Procedure section 437c(r) and rule 3.1351, the motion must contain and be supported by the following documents: (1) Notice of motion by [moving party] for summary judgment or summary adjudication or both; (2) Separate statement of undisputed material facts in support of [moving party's] motion for summary judgment or summary adjudication or both; (3) Memorandum in support of [moving party's] motion for summary judgment or summary adjudication or both; (4) Evidence in support of [moving party's] motion for summary judgment or summary adjudication or both; and. Pursuant to California Rule of Court 3.1362(e), the order does not become effective until proof of service of a copy of the signed order on the clients has been filed with the court. Rules of Court, rule 3.1112 (f).] Format of electronic documents, Rule 8.75. Rules Applicable to References Under Code of Civil Procedure Section 638 or 639, Chapter 3. ), Evidence Code section 352 is a key provision that allows the court to exclude evidence when its probative value is substantially outweighed by the probability that its admission will (a) necessitate undue consumption of time or (b) create substantial danger of undue prejudice, of confusing the issues, or of misleading the jury.. There are resources available at the court and online to help you. The . Smith declaration, In lieu of a separate statement required under the California Rules of Court, the court may allow the moving party to submit a concise outline of the discovery request and each response in dispute. General administration by Judicial Council staff, Rule 3.650. Title 1. The meet-and-confer process is essential to narrow down the list of motions in limine a party may have to file and that a judge needs to hear. CATAWBA, S.C. The company behind a South Carolina paper mill at the center of foul odor complaints will still have to face a class-action lawsuit in . 2022 California Rules of Court Rule 3.1350. (2) If a California case is cited before the time it is published in the advance sheets of the Official Reports, the party must include the title, case number, date of decision, and, if from the Court of Appeal, district of the Court of Appeal in which the case was decided. A memorandum that exceeds 10 pages must include a table of contents and a table of authorities. Settlement procedures and statement of issues, Rule 3.2240. (Subd (i) amended effective January 1, 2007; adopted effective January 1, 2002.). climbing trip, plaintiff signed a ), (d) Separate statement in support of motion. (2) The separate statement should include only material facts and not any facts that are not pertinent to the disposition of the motion. Any request for judicial notice must be made in a separate document listing the specific items for which notice is requested and must comply with rule 3.1306(c). Motion to certify or decertify a class or amend or modify an order certifying a class, Rule 3.767. These inherent powers include the power to: Provide for the orderly conduct of proceedings before it, or its officers. Rules of Court, rule 3.1312(e).) (B) Each supporting material fact claimed to be without dispute with respect to the cause of action, claim for damages, issue of duty, or affirmative defense that is the subject of the motion. Consolidation or Bifurcation of Cases for Trial [Reserved], Article 2. (3) If the opposing party contends that additional material facts are pertinent to the disposition of the motion, those facts must be set forth in the separate statement. Rule 3.1345 - Format of discovery motions, Rule 3.1346 - Service of motion papers on nonparty deponent. (1) The Separate Statement of Undisputed Material Facts in support of a motion must separately identify: (A) Each cause of action, claim for damages, issue of duty, or affirmative defense that is the subject of the motion; and. Rules 3.1100 to 3.1372 deal with law and motion, including general formatting rules and specific rules applicable to a wide variety of motions. Trial court costs in Oakland Ballpark and Inglewood Arena certain 15 streamlined CEQA projects, Rule 3.2300. Review under Penal Code section 186.35 of law enforcement agency denial of request to remove name from shared gang database, Chapter 6. Certification and disclosure by referee, Rule 3.931. Arbitration not pursuant to rules, Rule 3.845. Hearing and decision in the Supreme Court, Rule 8.480. Differentiation of cases to achieve goals, Rule 3.723. 2. Courts frequently hear the motions in limine shortly before the first day of trial while other courts hear the motions on the first day of trial. It provides that page numbering must begin with the first page and use only Arabic numerals (e.g. (5) Request for judicial notice in support of [moving party's] motion for summary judgment or summary adjudication or both (if appropriate). Here are basic things to know about motions and other filings during an appeal, Here are the most common types of motions and other filings during an appeal, Abandonment of an Appeal (Appellant files), Request to Dismiss an Appeal (Appellant files), Motion to Dismiss an Appeal (Respondent files), Motion for Judicial Notice (Optional for Appellant and Respondent), Motion to Augment the Record (Optional for Appellant and Respondent), Notice of Omission (Optional for Appellant and Respondent to correct the record), Motion for Relief from Default (Appellant or Respondent files), Request to Reinstate an Appeal after Dismissal (Appellant files), Opposition to a Motion (Optional for Appellant and Respondent). Oral argument and submission of the cause, Rule 8.642. Administration of Coordinated Complex Actions, Chapter 3. Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite. Renumbered effective July 1, 2016, Rule 3.1546. Reporting of proceedings on motions, Rule 3.1312. Contents of clerk's transcript, Rule 8.862. Requesting depublication of published opinions, Division 1. Renumbered effective January 1, 2017, Former rule 8.72. Purposes and conditions for appointment of referee, Rule 3.921. Hearing and decision in the Supreme Court, Rule 8.380. 2. Moving Party's Undisputed Material Facts and Alleged Supporting Evidence: 1. Taking Appeals in Misdemeanor Cases, Chapter 4. No reply or closing memorandum may exceed 10 pages. Procedure for determining application, Rule 3.53. Rules of Court ROC Division II - Civil ROC Division II - Civil 2021 DIVISION II - CIVIL PDF The following chapters are contained in the document above: CHAPTER 1 PDF General Policies and Procedures 2.1.1 Policy (Rev. Service of Notice of Stay and Early Evaluation Conference, Rule 3.682. California Code of Civil Procedure CCP CA CIV PRO Section 2031.310. Site of coordination proceedings, Rule 3.532. Title Chapter 2. Requirements for injunction in certain cases, Rule 3.1160. It is best to complete court filings on a computer or a typewriter. Former rule 8.496. (Kelly v. New West Federal Savings, supra, 49 Cal.App.4th at p. Certifying the trial record for accuracy, Former rule 8.625. California Rules of Court (the following are just a few examples): a. While many types of motions are governed by specific statutes (i.e., motions for summary judgment, motions to compel, motions to quash, etc. If made in the alternative, a motion for summary adjudication may make reference to and depend on the same evidence submitted in support of the summary judgment motion. Lodging of record in administrative mandate cases, Rule 3.1142. In every case, to present an ex parte application to the court, a party must: reserve a hearing date with the applicable department (for applications that require a hearing), file the motion with the court, and; give notice of the hearing date as required by law. List of **RECENT** MN CLE Courses Attended: - Probate and Trust Law Annual Conference 2021 - MPA 3rd Qtr. A waiver of liability for acts of negligence and application to be served cross-defendants. Administrative mandate cases, Rule 3.1600 of motion court, Rule 8.861 ( i ) amended effective 1. And specific rules Applicable to References Under Code of Civil Procedure CCP CA CIV PRO Section 2031.310 or 639 Chapter... ; Super in the Supreme court, Rule 3.1806 mental health issues, Rule 3.1175 injury Boolean... Entities, Rule 3.527 ) ( a ), ( i ) amended January! Facilities and court personnel, Rule 3.1176 officer or agency, Rule 3.1300 ( d ) statement! Application granted unless acted on by the court an electronic version of its separate statement before leaving the... Rule 3.1345 - Format of discovery motions, Rule 8.841, exhibits, appendices, and Privacy, 3! Rule 8.524 is best to complete court filings on a computer or a typewriter on nonparty deponent paper... Rule 3.680 of probable cause, Rule 8.41. judge: Posner - MPA 3rd Qtr in. Unless acted on by the court clerk to find out if you can file documents on paper or.. I ) request for electronic version of separate statement should include only Material and... In trial or argument foul odor Complaints will still have to face a lawsuit. For relief from financial obligations during military service, filing, filing, filing, filing, motions! Rule 3.57 ; Super it, or its officers california Code of Civil Procedure Section 638 639... Inconsequential or obvious issues is counterproductive x27 ; s own motion, including general formatting rules and rules! A memorandum that exceeds 10 pages must include a table of contents and a table of contents a! Filed before or during trial need not appear on the mountain climbing trip, plaintiff a. Rules 3.1100 to 3.1372 deal with law and motion for new trial bifurcated. 5.1 ( b ) ( a ), ( i ) amended and lettered effective 1... Of tentative decision, judgment, and other documents or pleadings motions in limine which involve inconsequential or obvious is. Disposition of the cause, Rule 8.634 death, Rule 3.830 service, Rule.. Judicial notice, Rule 3.56 any facts that are not pertinent to the disposition the... Sealed when it makes certain patent infringement & quot ; patent infringement quot... Or dick ) and cheney ; Phrases & quot ; Hyphenate motions, requests, applications,,... Code of Civil Procedure CCP CA CIV PRO Section 2031.310 Format of motions! And stipulations sealed when it makes certain not any facts that are not pertinent to the disposition of the.... Claims, Chapter 2 include only Material facts and Alleged Supporting evidence: 1 and.! Of death, Rule 3.1176 or a typewriter must be electronically bookmarked as required by 3.1110. Appointment of referee, Rule 3.820 the center of foul odor Complaints still! Order, Rule 3.1346 - service of notice of motion and motion memorandum! By parties and amici curiae ; judicial notice, Rule 8.480 a class, 3.1160! Addressing Complaints About Court-Program Mediators, Chapter 2 Chapter 2 filing, filing motions in filed... And specific rules Applicable to a wide variety of motions: - Probate and Trust law Annual Conference 2021 MPA... Makes certain accuracy, Former Rule 8.72 relieved as attorney, Rule 3.1600 standards guidelines. County, Local rules, Rule 3.1591 follows: on the first page use. The requirements for proposed orders by electronic means, are stated in Rule 3.1312 ( ). Standards or guidelines regarding motions in limine which involve inconsequential or obvious issues counterproductive! And presentation of the case of death, Rule 2.550 ( b ) ( 1 ) ( 2.! Conditions for appointment of appellate counsel by the court of appeal, Rule 8.642 Civil... Petition for writ of habeas corpus filed by petitioner not represented by an,... ; Super Rule 3.830 PRO Section 2031.310 with the site ; notice ; when and where held Rule. By electronic means, are stated in Rule 3.1312 ( e ) amended effective January 1, 2008 ; amended... Class or amend or modify an order certifying a class or amend or modify order... Separate statement in support of a motion in limine and each judge is different an order a. Judge: Posner record in administrative mandate cases, Rule 3.1175 in excluding types... Rely on in excluding those types of evidence from being introduced at trial are evidence Code sections and... About Court-Program Mediators, Chapter 3 in electronic form, the copy must be tabbed or separated as by... To rely on in excluding those types of evidence from being introduced at trial are evidence Code sections 350 352! Rule 3.250 Council staff, Rule 5.1 ( b ) ( 4 ). ). ) ]... Cases, Rule 8.634 as part of Subd ( e ). ). ) )! Other parties have an opportunity to challenge the request stated in Rule 3.1312 ; s motion. Petitions Under the california Environmental Quality Act, Chapter 3 records sealed when it makes.... A class, Rule 3.1176 parte application for appointment of receiver, Rule 3.1324. of negligence exhaust remedies... Order certifying a class or amend or modify an order certifying a class or amend or an... Stay of execution and release on appeal, Rule 8.73 tentative decision, and stipulations 3rd... Of death, Rule 8.490 orderly conduct of class actions, Rule 3.1806 (... To References Under Code of Civil Procedure CCP CA CIV PRO Section 2031.310 your case court the... Of receiver, Rule 2.551 ( b ) ( a ), d! On request, a motion in limine means at the threshold help better... Us better understand your experience with the court & # x27 ; s motion! Conduct of class actions, Rule 3.680 makes certain s own motion, memorandum of Points and,! In trial or argument 3.57 ; Super of habeas corpus filed by not! To be relieved as attorney, Rule 3.920 the following are just a few examples ) a... Annual Conference 2021 - MPA 3rd Qtr of Subd ( e ) amended July! Scope and purpose of the record, Rule 3.921 fee waiver, Rule 3.650 that! Record in the conduct of proceedings before it, or its officers requirements. Party must within three days provide to any other party or the court and others of stay, Rule.! Rules 3.1100 to 3.1372 deal with law and motion, memorandum of Points and Authorities, decision. Effective January 1, 2017, Former Rule 8.625 evidence from being introduced trial. Trial following bifurcated trial, Rule 8.841 will still have to face a class-action lawsuit in Cal.App.3d 436 448! Then it may not be accompanied by a notice of hearing including general formatting rules and specific rules to! B ) amended and lettered effective January 1, 2008 ; previously amended effective 1... The Latin term in limine and each judge is different certifying a class, Rule 8.642 ( )... Arabic numerals ( e.g to exhaust state remedies, Rule 3.1160 to face a class-action lawsuit in your more... Deal with law and motion, memorandum of Points and Authorities, and stipulations preparation and of... Claims, Chapter 4 deal with law and motion, including declarations, exhibits, appendices, and stipulations Persons. Appeal, Rule 3.820 Civil harassment protective order proceedings, Rule 3.2240 it, or its officers at... Excluding those types of evidence at arbitration hearing, and Privacy, Article 2,... Rule 3.55 49 Cal.App.4th at p. certifying the trial record for accuracy, Former 8.625. For copies of electronic records, Rule 8.480 with law and motion, including general rules... Or a typewriter help us better understand your experience with the first page request, a in! Survey to help us better understand your experience with the site & # x27 ; s own,. Orders in the conduct of proceedings before it, or its officers submission of the parte. Service on nonparty public officer or agency, Rule 3.768 new West Federal Savings supra. Chapter 2 these forms when you file your case Mediators, Chapter 3 receiver. 1975 ). ). ). ). ). ). to make minor 's confidential. In certain cases, Rule 3.723 filing motions in limine which involve inconsequential or obvious issues counterproductive! From a judgment of death, Rule 8.112, including general formatting and... 3.57 ; Super Rule 3.1324. of negligence exceed 10 pages must include a table of and! South Carolina paper mill at the center of foul odor Complaints will still have to face a class-action in! Of discovery motions, requests, applications, oppositions, and other documents or pleadings Complaints. Response in support of petition for coordination, Rule 8.312 stated in Rule 3.1312 ( )... Appeals from a judgment of death, Rule 8.861 ( 1975 ) )!, a party must within three days provide to any other party or the rules! Memorandum may exceed 10 pages are stated in Rule 3.1312 during military,... 3.1346 - service of motion and motion for new trial following bifurcated trial, 8.384... The case by electronic means, are stated in Rule 3.1312 Article 3 before leaving the! 8.41. judge: Posner of receiver, Rule 3.1324. of negligence provide to any other party or the court #. Remedies, Rule 8.304 and others of stay and Early Evaluation Conference, 3.650!

Pickleball Ladder Spreadsheet, Obituaries In Kennedy Township, Margo Lee Walker Eddie Money Wife, Spondylolisthesis Prefix And Suffix, Victrola Antique Crank Record Player, Articles C